Essay on Attachment and Separation in Adulthood - 2541 Words

A qualitative study showing how childhood experiences of attachment and separation can affect relationships in adulthood. Abstract This qualitative research was conducted to ascertain if the attachment style a person has as an adult is created or influenced by his/her interactions with early childhood experiences. The research was carried out by means of a thematic analysis of an interview of a married middle-aged couple. The interviews bought the themes of Work, Childhood and Relationships to the foreground and these were analysed to establish if there is a connection in our childhood attachments and those we make as adults. It can be seen that there are similarities to the attachment types of infants compared to those that†¦show more content†¦Method This qualitative textual analysis was carried out on two pre-existing pieces of material using a thematic analysis. The first a video, Research Methods in Psychology, Section Interviewing, which shows edited extracts from an interview with a married middle-aged couple called Tony and Jo. Two people interviewed the couple; first someone they know very well, Jane Tobbell, and second by someone they had never met before, Dan Goodley. They were interviewed in their home and the interviews were filmed. Andrea K Lait V0049493 The second piece of material was a transcription of the interviews, (see Appendix A). I as the researcher had no part in conducting the interviews, I have interpreted the video and transcript with my research question of attachment and separation in mind and my results are a reflection of this. I viewed the video several times and read the transcript several times, in order to identify salient incidents. I made notes on initial reactions of the interviewees and noted any non-verbal characteristics that could have an impact on the way the incidents could change my understanding of the interviews. Various themes were chosen, as being the main topics, described in the analysis these were (i) Work, (ii) Childhood (iii) Relationships. The transcript of the interviews was then highlighted, and each theme was identified using different coloured highlighted pens. As theShow MoreRelatedAdult Separation Anxiety : A Psychological Condition1513 Words   |  7 Pages Adult Separation Anxiety: A Possible Link to a Missed Step in Development DeAndre Bright Evan Smith-Finney Amber Depew Brandon Eastwood CCBC Catonsville Psychology 103 April 3, 2015 Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder Separation anxiety disorder is â€Å"a psychological condition in which an individual has excessive anxiety regarding separation from places or people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment† (anxietypanichealth.com 2008). Individuals with this disorder typicallyRead MoreHow Mother and Child Relationships Impact Adult Relationships1102 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with knowledge of individual differences and attachment, particularly within the context of mother / caregiver– child attachment and how it impacts adult attachment relationships and or patterns. There is an association between individual differences in adult attachment and the way people think about their relationships, and of what their relationships with their mothers / parents or primary caregivers are like. In other words, as adults the relationshipsRead MoreThe Relationship Between A Mother And A Child1092 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between a mother and a child, in regards to attachment and exploration. The article discusses the child’s attachment behavior during separation and reunion of the mother. Ainsworth Bell (1970) research exemplifies the idea of nurture being the primary reason for some characteristics of attachment to lead into adulthood. Ainsworth Bell (1970) believe that attachment to the mother increases explanatory behavior and separation causes insecurities towards the mother. This theory, nonethelessRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology: Attachment Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pages Attachment is the formation of a two-way emotional bond between a child and an adult caregiver. It is an important part of developmental psychology, which is concerned with reasons and causes for human behaviour, addressing both nurture and nature aspects of childrearing. John Bowlby (1907-1990) is a key psychologist involved in the studies and theories concerning attachment. He summarised his point and the reason for attachment as follows: Based on the above, this essay intends to focusRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 PagesEarly social development is the study of the development of persons from infancy to adulthood. Research is conducted into how childhood experiences affect people’s development in later life. 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Issues in Today’s society The breakdown of the family ensures that these young adults are not getting the supportRead MoreThe Issue Of Criminal Activities1554 Words   |  7 PagesAnd therefore, whether or not are offenders always to blame? Attachment can be defined psychologically as the emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver, that when strong, can create feelings of security and protection for the child. Separation from this bond can sometimes cause distress and anxiety for both the child and caregiver. The first four years of anyone’s life are a critical period in which we form attachments to our primary caregivers, for most of us, this is usually ourRead MoreEthological Theory of Attachment: The Development of Emotion in Children1803 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿How Ethological Theory of Attachment Helps in Understanding the Development of Emotion in Children from Adversity? Introduction Attachment theory has been jointly worked out by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. In presenting this theory, both of them have drawn out ideas from the fields of ethology, cybernetics, information processing, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysts. However, John Bowlby is the chief contributor who has originated the essential tenets of the theory. Thus, he hasRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction John Bowlby’s Attachment theory is relevant to serial murderers since it looks at the child’s early life experiences, focusing on the bond between the mother and child (Bretherton, 1992). It argues that a break in the bond will lead the child to a life of crime and delinquency. In this paper we will discuss two points. The first point is discussing Aileen’s Wuornos life from childhood to adulthood and the second point is explaining how her life is relevant to Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. We willRead MoreSeparation Anxiety : A Type Of An Attachment Disorder1232 Words   |  5 Pagessome type of disorders. Separation anxiety is one of them. According to the www.attachment.org website, â€Å"this disorder is a type of an attachment disorder that is usually observed by young children, who feel they are getting lack of affection and attention from parents or their caregivers due to separation.† I believe that many people feel unsafe being alone and they are afraid to be alone. However, due to inescapable situation or technology or laziness they face separation, loneliness, and fear.

The Sociological Causes Of The Gay Marriage Culture Change

The Sociological Causes of the Gay Marriage Culture Change Societies evolve. Nothing better illustrates this fact than America’s rapid surge of acceptance towards same-sex marriage during the early twenty-first century. A 2017 Pew Research study found that nearly 30% of Americans changed their minds on gay marriage less than two decades. In 2001, a mere 35% of Americans supported same-sex marriages— a number that skyrocketed to 62% in 2017 (Pew Research Center, 2017). This is a statistical anomaly. Americans have never changed their minds on an issue so quickly. In fact, it took several decades to legalize interracial marriage, which was left up to the states until 1967 (Tribou Collins, 2016). Given the large shift in the population’s†¦show more content†¦Additionally, conclusions will be drawn about how society as a whole evolved with respect to gay marriage, making the inferences sociological in nature. Literature Review Contact Theory History is stained with groups of people hating other groups of people— be it people of a different race, religion, sexuality, or nationality. Such intolerance towards people of a different walk of life can manifest itself in a nation’s laws and political climate. How can society fix the problem of groups hating other groups? In the 1950’s, psychologists claimed that the answer to this highly complicated problem is surprisingly simple: have the two different groups interact with one another. After all, it is easy to harbor resentment towards groups when they are painted in a negative light or stereotyped. It is more difficult to dislike individuals, however. In 1954, psychologist G.W. Allport claimed just that under the right circumstances, exposure to a group decreases negative sentiments towards them. Dr. Thomas Pettigrew with the University of California, Santa Cruz, enumerates these prerequisites: â€Å"The situation must allow equal group status within the situation, common goals, intergroup cooperation, and authority support† (1998). Nevertheless, contact alone is not always enough to understand a person as an individual as opposed to a member of a group. In the words of Pettigrew, â€Å"Your stereotypes about the other groupShow MoreRelatedSociological Concepts Of The Family, Marriage, And Intimate Relationships998 Words   |  4 Pagesbasic sociological concepts of the family, marriage, and intimate relationships. (Pg. 365) The sociological concept for family is a group of people that are related to by decent, marriage, or adoption. Many sociologist view families as a universal social institution that is central to social life, meaning families play a role of how people learn to be social and how their role in a society. Sociologists are interested in studying families because of how families are created through marriage and howRead MoreSociology : Sociological And Scientific Study Of Human Behavior And Social Interaction1037 Words   |  5 Pagesinto what problems our world currently faces and what we can do to prevent further problems. Daily life can be examined using sociological lenses to better understand the ever-changing world we currently live in. By understanding sociology, one will be able to better see the pillars of society that they unintentionally promote and can give valuable insight into other cultures and their ways of life. Given the many views on sociology, one’s idea of what it truly stands for can be easily distorted. WhileRead MoreEssay on Sociology on Marriage1621 Words   |  7 Pages12/2/2010 Sociology Final Paper Marriage and Family The simplest and most basic foundation of a sociological civilization or group begins at the core center of sociology; which is marriage and the inner-fabric creation of a family. It is said that matches are made in heaven, however finding and defining your â€Å"soul mate† differs from one social group to the next. The social institution of marriage changes and adapts consistently through time, religious practice, and national beliefsRead MoreThe Controversy Of Homosexuality Sparks Controversy1773 Words   |  8 Pagessexually attracted to people of the same sex.† The underlying influence from historical, sociological, and health disciplines are just a few reasons such a large gap exists on the spectrum between supporters and opponents of homosexuality. 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Ideally, since time immemorial, there have been controversies worldwide whether homosexuality should be allowed or banned in the society. In the same way, there have been cases where people are segregated in the community because they are gays or lesbians. Notably, the United States of America is among the countries that have legalized homosexual relationships and marriages. However, in other countries that have traditional cultures, homosexualityRead MoreHomosexuality as Deviant3280 Words   |  14 Pagesnorms. The topic of homosexuality is important and worth further investigation because it is surrounded by controversial issues such as gay marriages and families and its impact on society regarding the workplace, school and religion (Kafka, 2006). This paper will focus on the sociology of deviance as it pertains to male homosexuality. In addition, sociological theories on deviance will be incorporated, ultimately providing an analysis of the deviant behaviour. 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Type 1 Diabetes Essay Paper Example For Students

Type 1 Diabetes Essay Paper Nearly 16 million people in the United Statesnearly one out of every 17 peoplehave diabetes. And about 1,800 new cases are diagnosed each day. Technically, this disease is known as diabetes mellitus, diabetes from the Greek for excessive urination, a symptom the ancients noticed, and mellitus, from the Latin for honeydiabetic urine is filled with sugar and is sweet. There are three types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. All of them are a little different. But everyone with diabetes has one thing in common: Little or no ability to move sugaror glucoseout of their blood into their cells, where it is the bodys primary fuel. Everyone has glucose in their blood, whether or not they have diabetes. This glucose comes from food. When we eat, the digestive process breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine. People who dont have diabetes rely on insulin, a hormone made in the pancreas, to move glucose from the blood into the bodys billions of cells. But people who have diabetes either dont produce insulin or cant efficiently use the insulin they produce. Without insulin, they cant move glucose into the cells. Glucose accumulates in the blood, a condition called hyperglycemia (hyper = too much, glycemia = glucose in the blood). Hyperglycemia causes intense thirst, the need to urinat e frequently, blurred vision, fatigue, and other symptoms. Over time, high blood glucose can cause very serious medical problems. Adding up the total toll of diabetes complications, the disease is one of the nations leading causes of death. All diabetes complications can be largely prevented by practicing what is known as tight control, keeping your blood glucose level as close to normal as possible. This takes time and energy, but many diabetics do it successfully and live full lives without much trouble. Scientists dont know exactly what causes diabetes, but it appears to result from a combination of genetics and environmental factors, including viral infections, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. Currently, there is no cure for diabetes, but the good news is that the disease can be managed. People with diabetes can live rich, happy lives. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes have different causes. Yet two factors are important in both. First, you must inherit a predisposition to the disea se. Second, something in your environment must trigger diabetes. Genes alone are not enough. One proof of this is identical twins. Identical twins have identical genes. Yet when one twin has type 1 diabetes, the other gets the disease at most only half the time. When one twin has type 2 diabetes, the others risk is at most 3 in 4. In most cases of type 1 diabetes, people need to inherit risk factors from both parents. Scientists think these factors must be more common in whites because whites have the highest rate of type 1 diabetes. Because most people who are at risk do not get diabetes, researchers want to find out what the environmental triggers are. One trigger might be related to cold weather. Type 1 diabetes develops more often in winter than summer and is more common in places with cold climates. Another trigger might be viruses. Perhaps a virus that has only mild effects on most people triggers type 1 diabetes in others. Early diet may also play a role. Type 1 diabetes is less common in people who were breastfed and in those who first ate solid foods at later ages. In many people, the development of type 1 diabetes seems to take many years. In experiments that followed relatives of people with type 1 diabetes, researchers found that most of those who later got diabetes had certain autoantibodies in their blood for years before. (Antibodies are proteins that destroy bacteria or viruses. Autoantibodies are antibodies gone bad, which attack the bodys own tissues.) Type 2 diabetes has a stronger genetic basis than type 1, yet it also depends more on environmental factors. Sound confusing? What happens is that a family history of type 2 diabetes is one of the strongest risk factors for getting the disease but it only seems to matter in people living a Western lifestyle. Americans and Europeans eat too much fat and too little carbohydrate and fiber, and they get too little exercise. Type 2 diabetes is comm on in people with these habits. The ethnic groups in the United States with the highest risk are blacks, Mexican Americans, and Pima Indians. In contrast, people who live in areas that have not become Westernized tend not to get type 2 diabetes, no matter how high their genetic risk. Obesity is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Obesity is most risky for young people and for people who have been obese for a long time. Gestational diabetes is more of a puzzle. Women who get diabetes while they are pregnant are more likely to have a family history of diabetes, especially on their mothers side. But as in other forms of diabetes, nongenetic factors play a role. Older mothers and overweight women are more likely to get gestational diabetes. In general, if you are a man with type 1 diabetes, the odds of your child getting diabetes are 1 in 17. If you are a woman with type 1 diabetes and your child was born before you were 25, your childs risk is 1 in 25; if your child was born afte r you turned 25, your childs risk is 1 in 100. Your childs risk is doubled if you developed diabetes before age 11. If both you and your partner have type 1 diabetes, the risk is between 1 in 10 and 1 in 4. There is an exception to these numbers. About 1 in every 7 people with type 1 diabetes has a condition called type 2 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. In addition to having diabetes, these people also have thyroid disease and a poorly working adrenal gland. Some also have other immune system disorders. If you have this syndrome, your childs risk of getting the syndrome including type 1 diabetes is 1 in 2. Researchers are learning how to predict a persons odds of getting diabetes. For example, most whites with type 1 diabetes have genes called HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4. If you and your child are white and share these genes, your childs risk is higher. (Suspect genes in other ethnic groups are less well studied. The HLA-DR7 gene may put blacks at risk, and the HLA-DR9 gene may put Japane se at risk.) Other tests can also make your childs risk clearer. A special test that tells how the body responds to glucose can tell which school-aged children are most at risk. Another more expensive test can be done for children who have siblings with type 1 diabetes. This test measures antibodies to insulin, to islet cells in the pancreas, or to an enzyme called glutamic acid decarboxylase. High levels can indicate that a child has a higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes. .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 , .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .postImageUrl , .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 , .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:hover , .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:visited , .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:active { border:0!important; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:active , .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2 .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0ebf4e9799e1648284ed01f292c8fa2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nineteen Eighty Four - Fiction EssayType 2 diabetes runs in families. In part, this tendency is due to children learning bad habits eating a poor diet, not exercisingfrom their parents. But there is also a genetic basis. In general, if you have type 2 diabetes, the risk of your child getting diabetes is 1 in 7 if you were diagnosed before age 50 and 1 in 13 if you were diagnosed after age 50. Some scientists believe that a childs risk is greater when the parent with type 2 diabetes is the mother. If both you and your partner have type 2 diabetes, your childs risk is about 1 in 2. People with certain rare types of type 2 diabetes have different risks. If you have the rare f orm called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), your child has almost a 1-in-2 chance of getting it, too. BibliographyLatest Diabetes News and Information. NetHealth Inc. 1998 . American Diabetes Association. American Diabetes Association. 1998 . Diabetes Mellitus Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopidia. Vers. 96. 1993-1995.

Tyranny of Andrew Jackson free essay sample

The Tyranny of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson: the common man or the first king of America? He is viewed by history in many different ways, some see him as the man who granted universal white male suffrage, created a more democratic way to elect electoral voters to congress and replaced caucuses with national nominating conventions; and others, who saw past this false representation and saw how in his sightseers in office, he vetoed 12 bills, forced Native Americans from their homeland, ignored supreme court decisions and let his personal life affect his presidential decisions.Jackson, as captured in his portrait in the National Portrait gallery was a stern man with a strong sense of self-reliance. And while these qualities can be seen as the prominent characteristics for a good leader, when abused, they could cause unrest throughout a nation. Jackson entered the political office with a hint Of vengeance. One Of his main goals was to efface Dams high-ranking officials, whom he claimed worked against his election using fraud. We will write a custom essay sample on Tyranny of Andrew Jackson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Long standing bureau chiefs, attorneys, custom and land officers, and federal marshals were losing their jobs to benefactors of Jacksons campaign at rapid rates because rotation in office ivies the people a sense of sharing in their own government (Van Deuces 35). Not only were these jobs given to those without experience, but at times the appointees were conniving and slimy. The best example of this would be former army comrade Samuel Squawroot. Jackson appointed Squawroot as the collector of the New York City customhouse, where the IIS government collected almost half of its annual revenue.After a couple years in the job, Squawroot fled with over $1 million dollars, equal to a bit more than $29,850,000 today. (menstruations. Com) (Andrew Jackson: Domestic Affairs). After this debacle among others, the rotation in public service eventually lowered the prestige and rank of government service (Van Deuces 36). Not only did Jackson displace many major jobs in government, but he defied major decisions, earning him the name King Andrew l. Throughout his presidency Jackson vetoed twelve bills, ignored Supreme Court rulings and became the first to enforce the Pocket Veto. He ignored the Supreme Court in major cases, brushing them off as if he were omnipotent. While some bills he vetoed were insignificant in todays world, it is evident that he did not veto any bills for a practical purpose but as an act of revenge or malice. His reactions to minor problems caused an economic scare and nearly a civil war. Following the War of 181 2, America was in great debt. We owed money to Britain and the various banknotes distributed by the differing banks caused an influx of inflation.To fix this economic situation, in 1816 President Monroe signed a bill authorizing the Second Bank of the United States to create another place to keep federal funds and create a consistent banknote. The Bank was effective for approximately twenty years, until president Jackson ND President of the Bank, Nicholas Fiddle, were faced with opposing beliefs. Andrew Jackson, the common man, who showed a strong liking for the west, claimed that the banks economic power was a threat to the country and the government.On his side were State banks, who felt threatened by the central banks influence and western farmers who tended to be jealous of the wealthy Northerners. Nicholas Fiddle on the other hand was a sophisticate from Philadelphia. He and his cohorts came from the wealthy North, and all from moneyed families with a lot of political backing and influence. Despite he fact that Fiddles supporters overrode Jacksons by 1 1 1,090 citizens on a memorial designed to save the bank, he ignored this popular support and vetoed the 1832 recharge from Congress (Second Bank of United States).President Andrew Jackson let his hypocrisy and his personal issues get in the way with the Massively Road veto. Jackson built part of his campaign platform on growth on international expansion. As President, he provided nearly twice as much funding as Adams for developments of roads, railroads and various expenditures. However, when introduced the Massively Road Bill, he was kick to shoot it down. Behind the Bill was Henry Clay, a politician from Kentucky.In previous years, Clay had earned credit from Jacksons faults and publicly said that Jacksons part in the Trail of Tears stained the national honor. The Massively Road Bill was a plan to build a twenty mile stretch of highway within Clays home state of Kentucky. Jackson vetoed it after it had been passed by congress, declaring that the bill violated the economic affairs of the government and would put America is greater financial crisis. In reality, it was a personal attack against Henry Clay (Van Deuces 52-54).Despite Jacksons support for the growth and prosper of the West, both he and his constituents lobbied to raise tariffs on imported textiles such as fur, flax, hemp, liquor and wool to about 50 percent their intended value. The increase of prices from other countries was greatly beneficial to the Northern economy, who were able to sell more of their products, but detrimental to the South. Because the South simply produced raw goods, it was essential that they imported manufactured goods for their general well being.This tariff not only threatened to reduce the flow of goods from Britain, but the loss of none made it diffi cult for them to purchase raw materials. Representative of South Carolina and long time foe of Jackson, John C Calhoun spoke out against this. He claimed that the goal of these protective tariffs was to make the poor in the South poorer, and the wealthy from the North richer, (1816-1860: The Second American Party System and the Tariff) making Southerners the serfs of the system (Van Deuces 39). Under general law, congress was only allowed to permit tariffs and laws that support a common purpose.Since the Tariff of 1 828 favored the North, Calhoun decided to life the law in South Carolina. Even after Congress passed legislation lowering the tariff on goods, with the exception of manufactured cloth and iron, Calhoun legislature passed the Ordinance Of Nullification, banning the collection of duties. In the Ordinance of Nullification, they challenge Jackson and his party to shut her ports, destroy or harass her commerce or to enforce the acts hereby declared to be null and void (South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, Nove mber 25, 1832).South Carolinas Ordinance Nullification could have been solved rather quickly, however due to the rift teens Jackson and Calhoun; it almost ended up in a civil war. In years prior, Calhoun wife refused to invite Jacksons wife to a dinner party she was hosting, because Mrs.. Jackson was labeled as a Indore for remarrying and living with Andrew Jackson before her divorce was final. Andrew Jackson was so enraged by Mrs.. Calhoun actions that he excommunicated the Calhoun family from Washington D. C. Jacksons inane sense of revenge erupted when he was informed about the Ordinance of Nullification. Despite the fact that the issue could have been talked out at the beginning, Jackson was prompted to use military action. He planned to march with the army to South Carolina and hang John C. Calhoun publicly for treason. This episode would have undoubtedly caused, or accelerated our road to a civil war. However, due to congressmen Henry Clay America averted the potential conflict by peaceful negotiation. Henry Clay spoke directly to John C. Calhoun and created the Compromise Tariff or the Tariff of 1833, which agreed to lower the taxes significantly between 1833 and 1842 (1816-1860: The Second American Party System and the Tariff). Although Jackson had Clay to prevent one war, Jackson let his aggression manifest in other ways. Even before Jackson became president, he was a prominent figure in the removal of Indians from their homelands. Though he did not hate the Indians as a race, he saw them as third rate citizens. In 1814 he led military forces against the Creek nation, taking 22 million acres of land from their territory in southern Georgia and central Alabama.Four years later, in 1818 he invaded the Seminole in Spanish Florida because they were harboring fugitive slaves. Meanwhile, he was active in negotiating nine out of the eleven treaties which exchanged Creek, Cherokee and Choctaw territories in the east for new rewriter in the west giving the United States over three quarters of Florida and Alabama and signif icant amounts of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky and North Carolina. Only a fraction of these tribes relocated, and did so only to avoid further conflict with white Americans (Indian Removal).Once Jackson became president, his desire to remove Indians from land he believed was rightfully Americas grew. In the first year of his presidency, he pushed the Indian Removal Act through both houses of Congress; allowing the president to negotiate removal treaties with all Indian ribbed east of the Mississippi River. (Indian Removal) Jackson himself traveled to his homeland of Tennessee to negotiate with these Native Americans. He gave them an ultimatum, submit to the authority of the state and become citizens of the United States, risk war or emigrate to the west of the Mississippi.He offered them generous aid and transportation for their venture across the country, and claimed to be doing through the paternalistic and caring nature of his heart. He believed that this policy was beneficial to Indians, because whites will not attempt to colonize the west for years, if ever. This move would give the Native Americans a place to govern themselves in peace (Andrew Jackson: Domestic Affairs). The Chickasaws and Choctaws succumbed easily and moved west, the Creeks and Seminole followed soon after (Indian Removal).Despite the promise of a smooth move to the west, the voyages to the Indians new homes were brutal and inhumane. The Choctaws migrated from Mississippi to the Red River took place in December of 1 831. Myriads of people, accustomed to warm weather, walked hundreds of miles, without proper dress and without moccasins, forced to endure subzero temperatures. Creek Indians were forces to migrate out of Alabama chained together and under the force of troops. Seminole were tricked into agreeing to leave their homeland of Spanish Florida to the West and led to a bitter war.